In this study an energy efficient train operation problem was considered on a track with no steep sections. Energy efficient train driving can lead to a significant reduction in both co2 emissions and energy consumption. Two distinct systems have been developed for providing train drivers with advice on energyefficient driving strategies. Effect of regenerative braking on energyefficient train control. A driver assistance system for energy efficient train control. Table 2 specifications of the vehicle items specification. Review of energyefficient train control and timetabling request pdf. This includes spaces that need to be maintained between 35 to 65 percent relative humidity. A basic energye cient train control model consider the problem of driving a train from one station to. Fhwa has developed innovative strategies to address energy consumption through measures that reduce wasted oil such as accelerated bridge construction, adaptive signal control technologies, and reduced energy components of construction materials.
In other study results, the energyefficient train control and timetabling are regarded as the effective measures to improve the global energy efficiency. Optimal strategies for energyefficient train control. The benefit of using a cdq system versus coolreheat will vary by application, but the benefits of higher latent capacity, lower achievable supplyair dew point, and reduced reheat energy will be seen through the range of applications. Over the past decade, the scheduling and control group has conducted an extensive program of research into the theory and practice of energy efficient train control. Deep learning, tensor train decomposition, compression, acceleration acm reference format. Delft university of technology effect of regenerative. Energy efficiency in highspeed train operation global. An ee energy efficient train traffic control system is being developed in order to reduce energy consumption in train traffic operation.
Pdf optimal running time supplement distribution in train. Over time, those savings will typically pay for the cost of improvements and put money back in your pocket. Improved fuel economydependent on duty cycles, power train design, control strategy. The process is carried out by a combination of elementssome men, some machineslocated on the train, along. Chunhua deng, fangxuan sun, xuehai qian, jun lin, zhongfeng wang, and bo yuan. This includes developing more efficient power and sensing solutions, as well as developing products for green energy applications.
We assume that the journey must be completed within a given time and seek a strategy that minimises fuel consumption. List faculty of transportation and traffic sciences institute of traffic information systems energy saving train control combined with anticipating driving to guarantee intermodal connections a driver assistance system for energy efficient train control. Coordinated train control in a fully automatic operation system for reducing energy consumption j. Energyefficient train control by multi train dynamic cooperation article in ieee transactions on intelligent transportation systems pp99. At last, it gives some simulation results to show that the methods of energyefficient train control can avoid unnecessary braking and reduce the energy consumption. In recent years, the energy storage devices have enough energy and power density to use in trains as. Miyatake2 1railway systems engineering department, railway systems division, toshiba corporation, japan 2department of engineering and applied sciences, faculty of science and technology, sophia university, japan. Energyefficient power control of trainground mmwave. In addition, the vehicle can receive power from the overhead lines when it operates on the electrified sections with overhead wires. Best practices guide for energyefficient data center design. The extents of train motoring and braking as well as timetable configurations such as train headway and interstation runtime are optimized to.
Train departurearrival times can be scheduled as a function of minimum travel time, resulting from optimal usage of train performance given safety and comfort constraints along a. A lot of research has been done on the topic of energy efficient train control that. Energyefficient train driving can lead to a significant reduction in both co2 emissions and energy consumption. As of the end of 2018, ptc was operational on 44,695. Pdf with the latest developments in technology, the automatic train operation ato has been widely used in urban rail transit systems over. Energyefficient operation of single train based on the control strategy of ato. Measures related to the operation of trains timetables, stops, traffic control, driving. Request pdf the interplay between energyefficient train control and scheduled running time supplements energyefficient train operation is not yet included in. Energyefficient train control eetc or ecodriving may be applied, in which a train is driven with the least amount of traction energy, given the. Energyefficient metro operation has received increasing attention because of the energy cost and environmental concerns. Development of an energy efficient train traffic control. This supervisory control system is implemented via a data radio network, which connects the train signaling control points cps to the. The publication will appear on your browser in high resolution format.
Customers may install their own projects or projects can be installed by outside parties such as energy efficiency service providers eesps, which include energy service companies escos. Improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions through. Optimal trajectory planning and train scheduling for railway. Integrated optimization on train control and timetable to. Two distinct systems have been developed for providing train drivers with advice on energy efficient driving strategies.
Ato generates the recommended speed curve based on the railway line parameters, the scheduled time table, and the vehicle conditions. In the area of train control, hitachi has developed an atc automatic train control system that now, for the first time in japan, has been used in a subway train. This study analyzes and proposes feasible energysaving and. A rigorous mathematical treatment and further extensions are given in howlett and pudney 1995 and a. Kinematic formulation of energyefficient train speed profiles. Without optimized management of the limited energy. This research presents a practical application of the energy efficient train control eetc problem, which involves a collaboration between the operations research group of. Energy efficient train control is a train control strategy executed by the train driver in which running. Based on energyefficient control strategy, new algorithm is discussed about how to determine the control modes and handles of the following train for better headway. Designing a train control system over wireless train wayside communications is a challenging task due to the packet delay and loss caused by unreliable wireless communications. Finally, energyefficient timetable design is dealt with by 15 and, dynamically, by 16.
Coordinated train control in a fully automatic operation. This paper presents a new optimisation method for energy efficient operation of electric commuter trains. In this paper, an energyefficient train control model is proposed under the practical billing system by introducing the traction efficiency. This is a complete listing of the measures and the reference notes in the energy efficiency manual, along with the page numbers where they are found. Optimal trajectory planning and train scheduling for urban. Energyefficient communicationbased train control cbtc. As a result, highspeed trains are widely deployed around the world. Energy efficient train control is a train control strategy executed by the train driver in which running time reserves called slack times are used for coasting. Review of energyefficient train control and timetabling sciencedirect. Review of energyefficient train control and timetabling. The random delay and packet drop introduced by wireless communication will lead to. On the one hand we consider the case where continuous control can be used and on the other hand we consider the case where only discrete control.
Simulation algorithm for energyefficient train control. Wang2 1the state key laboratory of rail traffic control and safety, beijing jiaotong university, beijing 2national engineering research center of rail transportation operation and control system, beijing jiaotong university, beijing. They cover the spectrum from broad societal issues to technical issues and management technique. The problem of varying constraints is briefly discussed as well. Trane ahu clcp for energy efficient humidity control. Nrel is operated by the alliance for sustainable energy, llc. Finally, energy efficient timetable design is dealt with by 15 and, dynamically, by 16. Energyefficient communicationbased train control cbtc systems with random delay and packet drop abstract. Energyefficient train operation using natureinspired algorithms. Communicationbased train control cbtc systems use bidirectional train wayside wireless communications to ensure the safe operation of rail vehicles.
A device or building that is energy efficient uses relatively little energy to provide. Evaluation of strategies to reducing traction energy. This is in contrast with other power control methods based on deep learning, which train the neural network based on suboptimal power allocations due to the large complexity that generating large training sets of optimal power allocations would. The control system reduces consumed running energy by assigning several seconds of the scheduled margin times at platforms to interstations. This research was used to develop the metromiser system, which provides energy efficient driving advice on suburban trains. Because of the number and complexity of the issues to be addressed, the technology assessment was divided into three separate, but coordinated, studies dealing with 1 the planning process, z automated small vehicle systems, and 3 automatic train control in rail rapid transit. Energyefficient train control by multitrain dynamic. Optimal control can be used to find energy efficient driving strategies for trains. Positive train control page 3 of 3 thanks to the enormous human and financial resources they devoted to the effort, class i railroads have met all 2018 ptcrelated statutory requirements. Pdf optimal running time supplement distribution in. This paper developed an integrated optimization model on train control and timetable to minimize the net energy consumption. Energyefficient train operation using natureinspired.
Energyefficient power control of train ground mmwave communication for highspeed trains abstract. Energyefficient tensor train based inference engine. Department of energy, office of energy efficiency and renewable energy. Atcs data radio system all train movements on caltrain tracks are managed and controlled by a nonvital supervisory control system. The emphasize is put on exact forms of solutions with a minimal use of numerical mathematics. Energyefficient tensor train based inference engine for deep neural network. Energyefficient operation of single train based on the. A lot of research has been done on the topic of energyefficient train control that. In this study an energyefficient train operation problem was considered on a track with no steep sections. Optimization on automatic train operation ato is important to energyefficient operation of trains.
Development of an energy efficient train traffic control system for saving electricity m. Allegro is moving technologyand the worldtoward a safer and sustainable future. From local convexity to global optimization and uniqueness, automatica on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Energyefficient communicationbased train control systems with packet delay and loss abstract. Highspeed train systems have proven to be very flexible and attractive systems that can be developed under various circumstances and in different contexts and cultures.
Optimizing the energyefficient metro train timetable and. The interplay between energyefficient train control and. Energy efficient electric vehicle using regenerative braking. Safe, fast, punctual, energy efficient, and comfortable rail traffic systems are important for rail operators, passengers, and the environment. The extents of train motoring and braking as well as timetable configurations such as train headway and interstation runtime are.
Pdf energyefficient train control in urban rail transit systems. This research presents a practical application of the energy efficient train control eetc problem, which involves a collaboration between the operations research group of the university of. Due to the increasing energy prices and environmental concerns, the reduction of energy consumption has become one of the key objectives for railway systems. Now consider what should happen if two trains travel in the same direction on the same track. In this strategy a coasting regime is added to the traditional control strategy speed profile. Aug 04, 2010 as stated above, communication and control devices such as driving advice systems or efficient ato systems, may improve the efficiency of the control of the train in realtime. During the recent years, several other methods were applied to optimal train control problem such as fuzzy predictive control, bellmanford algorithm, reinforcement learning, swarm optimization, and nsgaii algorithm. Best practices guide for energyefficient data center design revised march 2011 prepared by the national renewable energy laboratory nrel, a national laboratory of the u. Energy efficiency strategies for rolling stock and train operation 1 mass reduction typical passenger trains have specific weights between 400 and 800 kg per seat1, but some high speed trains such as the german ice 2 have values as high as 1100. This research was used to develop the metromiser system, which provides energyefficient driving advice on suburban trains. With the help of improved computation capability, some simulation models were also presented to study the train s optimal driving 17. Hence, running time supplements are not optimally distributed in the timetable. Energy efficient transportation for america page 7. Integrated optimization on train control and timetable to minimize.
Whether you take simple steps or make larger investments to make your home more efficient, youll see lower energy bills. Energy saving speed and chargedischarge control of a railway. As stated above, communication and control devices such as driving advice systems or efficient ato systems, may improve the efficiency of the control of the train in realtime. Energy efficient train control is a train control strategy executed by the train driver in which running time reserves called slack times are used for. To download any item, simply click on its title below. This book describes the train control problem and shows how a. Goverde, rob publication date 2015 document version publishers pdf, also known as version of record published in ll citation apa scheepmaker, g. With the latest developments in technology, the automatic train operation ato has been widely used in urban rail transit systems over the past decade. Improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions through intelligent railway buildings improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions through intelligent railway buildings buildings in the peoples republic of china prc consume 21% of the total energy produced in the country. Driving strategy optimization for trains in subway. The problems and solutions described in optimal trajectory planning and train scheduling for urban rail transit systems will interest researchers studying public transport systems and logistics whether from an academic or practitioner background as well as providing a real application for anybody studying optimization theory and predictive control. A more and more energy efficient railway drive the traction motors at starting or to power the auxiliary equipment. The interplay between energyefficient train control and scheduled running time supplements.
Optimal control can be used to find energyefficient driving strategies for trains. This book describes the train control problem and shows how a solution was found at the university of south australia. Energy efficient electric vehicle using regenerative braking system. Latest system technologies for railway electric cars. Energyefficient train control eetc or ecodriving may be applied, in which a train is driven with the least amount. Energyefficient train operation is not yet included in the timetable design process in the netherlands. Energyefficient communicationbased train control systems. We consider the problem of determining an optimal driving strategy in a train control problem with a generalised equation of motion.
Over the past decade, the scheduling and control group has conducted an extensive program of research into the theory and practice of energyefficient train control. Onboard energy metering is also necessary to determine the actual consumption and then to apply successful strategies to reduce it. Energy efficient metro operation has received increasing attention because of the energy cost and environmental concerns. Finally, based on this simulation module, we present numerical examples based on the realworld operation data from the beijing metro line. This collection of free resources is related to saving energy and utility costs. Li et alminimalenergy driving strategy for highspeed electric train 1643 the cruising speed and the switching locations. Effect of regenerative braking on energyefficient train control scheepmaker, gerben. Train control is the process by which the movement of rail rapid transit vehicles is regulated for the purposes of safety and efficiency. Over the past decade, the scheduling and control group has conducted an extensive program of research into the theory and practice of energyefficient train.
Maximum demand controllers, automatic power factor controllers, energy efficient motors, soft starters with energy saver, variable speed drives, energy efficient transformers, electronic ballast, occupancy sensors, energy efficient lighting controls, energy saving potential of each technology. Energyefficient train control in urban rail transit systems. In particular, lrvs with onboard battery are very limited to its power source. Energy efficiency strategies for rolling stock and train. An energyefficient home will keep your family comfortable while saving you money. This method assumes the application of centralised train and traffic control with online timetable rescheduling. Energy efficient technologies in electrical systems. On the other hand, with the increase of passenger demands in urban rail transit systems of. The optimal operation of rail vehicle minimizing total energy consumption is discussed in this paper. Wang2 1the state key laboratory of rail traffic control and safety. Energyefficient definition and meaning collins english. It brings together academics and professionals who advise governments, railway infrastructure managers, train operating.
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